Monday, 20 May 2013

Post 4


PARAGRAPH WRITING
We have learned that a paragraph is a group of about 6-12 sentences developing the main idea about a topic. Every sentence in a good paragraph is related to the same topic. All the sentences are arranged logically to explain the main idea about that topic so that the reader can easily understand what the writer wants to say.

A paragraph is usually built up by three types of sentences.
·        Topic sentence
·        Supporting sentences
·        Concluding sentence (not all paragraphs have a concluding sentence)

Today we will continue to work on writing a paragraph. We will practice writing the topic sentence for a paragraph.

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THE TOPIC SENTENCE
A topic sentence states the topic of the paragraph and the controlling idea of the topic.

Example:
Exercise regularly can bring many benefits to the body.
Topic                                      controlling idea


Exercise 1
Some of the sentences given in the list are suitable to be used as topic sentence for the paragraph. Which of them are suitable topic sentences for the paragraph that you plan to write?

A.   (A paragraph on how to train a cat)
1.     This paragraph is about how to train a cat.
2.     Before a cat learns anything, it first teaches its owner a lesson in humility.
3.     Everything you wouldn't have thought to ask about training a cat.
4.     Training a cat takes physical stamina.
5.     Animal training is a complicated subject.

B.   (A paragraph about scuba diving)
1.     The excitement of scuba diving.
2.     My childhood fascination with scuba diving.
3.     It is very interesting to experience scuba diving.
4.     The sport of scuba diving has always excited me.
5.     Since I was a child, I've been fascinated by scuba diving.


Exercise 2
Choose the best topic sentence from the three given sentences for each group of supporting sentences. Write it on the line provided.

Example:
___________(b)_________. I usually go skiing every weekend in the winter even though it is expensive. I love the feeling of flying down a mountain. The views are beautiful from the top of a mountain and along the trails. Even the danger of falling and getting hurt can’t keep me away from the slopes on a winter day.

a) Skiing is expensive.
b) Skiing is my favourite sport.
c) Skiing is dangerous.

1.) _____________________. North Americans send cards for many occasions. They send cards to family and friends on birthdays and holidays. They also send thank-you cards, get well cards, graduation cards, and congratulation cards. It is very common to buy cards in stores and send them through the mail, but turning on the computer and sending cards over the Internet is also popular.

a) Sending cards is very popular in North America.
b) Birthday cards are the most popular kind of card.
c) It is important to send thank-you cards.

2.) ________________________. I enjoy summer sports like water skiing and baseball. The weather is usually sunny and hot, so I can go to the beach almost every day. Gardening is my hobby and I spend many summer days working in my garden. Unfortunately, the days pass too quickly in summer.

a) I like to garden in summer.
b) Summer is my favourite season.
c) Summer is too short.

3.) ______________________. First of all, we need money to repair old roads and build new roads. We also need more to pay teachers’ salaries and to pay for services such as trash collection. Finally, more tax money is needed to give financial help to the poor citizens of the city. It is clear that the city will have serious problems if taxes are not raised soon.

a) We should raise city taxes.
b) City taxes are too high.
c) City taxes pay for new roads.

4.) _______________________ . For example, a person can have breakfast in New York, board an airplane, and have dinner in Paris. A businesswoman in London can instantly place an order with a factory in Hong Kong by sending a fax. Furthermore, a schoolboy in Tokyo can turn on a TV and watch a baseball game being played in Los Angeles.

a) Airplanes have changed our lives.
b) Advances in technology have made the world seem smaller.
c) The fax machine was an important invention.

5.) ________________________ . One thing you must consider is the quality of the university’s educational program. You also need to think about the school’s size and location. Finally, you must be sure to consider the university’s tuition to make sure you can afford to go to school there.

a) It is expensive to attend a university in the United States.
b) There are several factors to consider when you choose a university to attend.
c) You should consider getting a good education.

Exercise 3
Write a topic sentence for each paragraph. Make sure your topic sentence expresses the main idea of the paragraph.

Example:
Miami is the perfect place to take a vacation. It is always sunny and warm. The beaches are gorgeous, with soft white sand and beautiful water. There are many fine restaurants in the Miami area, and most of the hotels offer terrific entertainment nightly. It’s no wonder that Miami is my first choice for a vacation destination.

1.) ___________________________________________________ . He has collected stamps and coins ever since he was a child. He is very proud of his valuable collections. Paul also enjoys painting and drawing. Recently he has become interested in gardening. Out of all his hobbies, Paul’s favourite one is reading. He usually reads at least one book every week. Paul keeps busy with all of his hobbies.

2.) _________________________________________________ . I can’t wait to come home from school and eat the delicious meals she has prepared. She is famous for her desserts like peach pie and chocolate soufflĂ©. She is always experimenting with new recipes and trying different ingredients. No one in the world can cook the way my mother does.

3.) _________________________________________________ . It never starts in cold weather. The horn and the left turn signal don’t work properly. Worst of all, the radio only gets one station and the CD player is completely broken. I wish I could get a new car.

4.) __________________________________________________ . First and most importantly, the work is very interesting. I learn new things every day and I get to travel a lot. In addition, my boss is very nice. She is always willing to help me when I have a problem. I have also made many new friends at my job. Last, but not least, the salary is fantastic.

5.) ____________________________________________________ . To start things off, my plane was six hours late. When I finally got to my hotel, I was very disappointed. It was small and dirty. On the third day, my wallet was stolen, and I lost all my credit cards. It rained every day except one, and on that day I got terrible sunburn. All in all, it wasn’t a vacation to remember.

Source:
http://www3.pef.uni-lj.si/~tuji jeziki/rp/1_letnik/exercises_on_paragraph_writing.pdf

6.) ___________________________________________________. They sometimes express this with their words and sometimes with concrete things. In most cases, the best way to do that is giving a gift to that person. However, this trend has different meaning in Malaysia and Paraguay disapproves of giving gifts because they may consider it to be bribe. In Malaysia, you can’t give a gift if you don’t have a personal relationship with that person. Yet, in some countries like Japan, Indonesia and the Philippines, exchanging gifts is related to tradition. It is important for them to give gifts to each other. When someone decides to show his/her respect or love for someone with a present, he/she has to consider where this person comes from.

7.) _______________________________________________________. I love the autumn weather. The weather has a moderate temperature. It is never exceedingly hot or cold. Therefore, you can spend time outside without sweating too much. Also, I love the way the trees turn to colour. They change from green to yellow, red and orange. When leaves change colour, from green to yellow, orange and red, you can understand trees are beginning their long winter’s rest. As a last thing I also like autumn because school starts. I get excited when   I think about going back to school and seeing my teachers and friends again. To sum up, autumn is a time of great season with its weather, colour of the trees and school season.

Have fun!

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